Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: Consumption of processed foods impairs memory function through dietary advanced glycation end-products
doi: 10.64898/2026.01.07.698065
Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Microbiome principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot for the genus level from fecal samples collected at PN 56 in rats that consumed a heat-treated AGE-rich diet vs. non-heat-treated diet during early life (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; R =0.08746, P=0.062). b , Microbiome PCoA plot for the genus level from fecal samples collected at PN 90 in rats that consumed a heat-treated AGE-rich diet vs. non-heat-treated diet during early life (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; R =0.06386, P=0.149). c , Microbiome PCoA plot for the genus level from fecal samples collected at PN 102 in rats that consumed a heat-treated AGE-rich diet vs. non-heat-treated diet during early life (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; R =0.09077, P=0.046). d , Microbiome PCoA plot for the ASV level from fecal samples collected at PN 56 in rats that consumed a heat-treated AGE-rich diet vs. non-heat-treated diet during early life (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; R =0.08746, P=0.062). e , Microbiome PCoA plot for the ASV level from fecal samples collected at PN 90 in rats that consumed a heat-treated AGE-rich diet vs. non-heat-treated diet during early life (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; R =0.0769, P=0.014). f , Microbiome PCoA plot for the ASV level from fecal samples collected at PN 102 in rats that consumed a heat-treated AGE-rich diet vs. non-heat-treated diet during early life (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; R =0.05991, P=0.072). g , Streptococcaceae (family) abundance in fecal samples at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test; P=1.48×10 - , FDR=1.58×10 - ). h , Lactococcus (genus) abundance in fecal samples at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test; P=1.48×10 - , FDR=1.58×10 - ). i , Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011 (genus) abundance in fecal samples at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test; P=0.0013, FDR=0.044). j , Uncultured organism (species) abundance in fecal samples at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test; P=0.0013, FDR=0.044). k , Roseburia (genus) abundance in fecal samples at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test; P=0.0016, FDR=0.053). l , Anaerovoracaceae (family) abundance in fecal samples at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test; P=8.63×10 - , FDR=0.044). m , Correlation between NOIC performance and Lactococcus (genus) abundance (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Spearman’s correlation; rho=0.743, P=7.56×10 - , FDR=0.0121). n , Correlation between NOIC performance and UCG-005 (genus) uncultured Clostridiales (species) abundance (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Spearman’s correlation; rho=0.62, P=0.00159, FDR=0.0593). o , Correlation between NOIC performance and Anaerovoracaceae (family) abundance (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Spearman’s correlation; rho=-0.618, P=0.00169, FDR=0.0593). p , Correlation between NOIC performance and UCG-005 (genus) abundance (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Spearman’s correlation; rho=-0.613, P=0.00185, FDR=0.0593). q , Shannon index for genus level abundances at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.41). r , Shannon index for genus level abundances at PN 90 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.88). s , Shannon index for genus level abundances at PN 102 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.98). t , Shannon index for species level abundances at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.38). u , Shannon index for species level abundances at PN 90 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.74). v , Shannon index for species level abundances at PN 102 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.83). w , Shannon index for ASV level abundances at PN 56 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.49). x , Shannon index for ASV level abundances at PN 90 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.35). y , Shannon index for ASV level abundances at PN 102 (n=12 CTL, n=12 AGE-rich; Shannon index (alpha-diversity); P=0.49). Error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM).*P<0.05, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001. All n’s indicate number of rats or samples per group. Additional details about the statistical analyses for each subpanel can be found in . AGE, advanced glycation end-product; ASV, amplicon sequence variant; CTL, control [diet]; FDR, false discovery rate; PN, postnatal day; PCoA, principal coordinate analysis.
Article Snippet: Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis strain NCTC 6681 (Lister, Schleifer et al., cat. no. 19435) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA), rehydrated, and inoculated according to manufacturer’s instructions.
Techniques: Amplification, Sequencing, Variant Assay, Control